Does punctuation come BEFORE or AFTER?

-Which is correct?



example:



Mary called Sally a "hot-head."



or



Mary called Sally a "hot-head".





----ALSO: Does punctuation stay in, or OUTSIDE parenthesis?



Example:



I walked to the store (even though it was raining.)



or



I walked to the store (even though it was raining).



??I see commas and periods outside quotation marks so often, that I suspect it is different in U.S. and British usage.



For the U.S. commas and periods are always inside quotation marks:

"When the bell rings," said John, "Run away."



With question marks and exclamation points, it depends on whether the punctuation applies to the quoted bit or to the whole sentence:



"Why should we run?" asked Jane.

Have you heard the old saying, "Beauty is skin deep"?



Sentence punctuation goes outside parentheses unless the whole sentence is inside:

The show is Sunday afternoon in the park (rain or shine).

Send your completed application by 6/15/11. (If you lost your form, call the registrar.)
In the first question, the period should go inside the quotations. I'm pretty sure?

In the second question the period goes outside of the parenthesis.
punctuation goes before quotation marks and after parenthesis.
Punctuation would go after for both.
Always comes after. Both the 2nd examples are right!